the bravery apt give one anti-Ten

Chongqing University of Medical Education to participate in seminars, more than 100 units to partake in clinical education, remedial education and I have some thoughts almost the relationship between generalization and speak, here is the lecture. A meeting place early in the a.m. sunshine, the education sector an antique friend attach, principally the gifted, creative partnership prevalent friends in the industry together, quite amused. Here are my thoughts and views
a speech, education and medical education What is the origin of
education? this question may seem above all glimpse very simple, but it is complicated to clearly defined., Chinese and alien educators, thinkers, and some people have their own view: Confucius, Lu Xun's view that is the self-capacity development, which embodies the will and social parity and liberty of education and the educated to carefully explore the mechanism of the common seriously, not proposed to cater to the juvenile butterfly anthem or against their subordination. educational content with the wide and narrow sense. General education refers to the destination of entire who have physical and mental development of the social practice. narrow sense refers to school education, primary education, that educators According to certain social demands and the development pattern of the educated, purposeful, planned, organized influence of the educated mind, anticipate the expected changes in the activities of the educated place.
in the country, melody also; have the education excellence in the globe, three of fun. .
in the West, the word education comes from the Latin educare. the native averaging of the out. Etymologically speaking, the Western lead out of the development of the state to become a reality.
of medical education, medical education (medical education) is a purpose along to the needs of society in a intended and mobilized to train medical and health workers education. General many medical schools in a university level education. a long history of medical education. people skirmish with the disease process of establishing a medical, to the long-term accumulated medical experience to the afterward generation, have given heave to medical education. At first is with the only form of department, with the value of knowledge expansion and increased requirements for medical personnel, school forms of medical education have come into being. China for early as 443 AD, Liu Song Dynasty had been established in the lawful medical education creations; AD 9th century, famous for Italian Sa Lienuo begin medical school. a doctor to medical education is a lifelong process, can be divided into three stages: basic medical education, that is, medical schools, students in schools receiving the basic education ; graduate education, medical students later graduating from medical schools, capable in the basic knowledge and capabilities, based on the received specialized education so that the knowledge and skills of a vocational orientation toward deepening; chronic medical education, After completion of graduate education in the hereafter, in array to keep pace with the development of medical science, continue to procure new knowledge, new technologies and lifelong process. the nature of these three different stages of education should be closely converge to form a continuum of medical education process. < br> Second, the educational function of the characteristic features refers
education and functions of the effectiveness of educational activities, is The basic function. educational function with certainty, level, matter-of-fact, extension of features. educational function of the cardinal uncertainty is reflected in education and period and space is limited. education, structure and activities of the subject of education has a wealthy the hierarchy, which also determined the inherent hierarchy of educational function. educational function of the reality reflected in the educational function of a temporal nature, can be divided into good, likely and realistic, and the history of the various functions. educational function to practice people general understanding of
since the final century, 80 years, gradually formed in our education, It put it everywhere, .
that the educational function of generalization will lead to educational functions are affected in the following three areas:
educational feature of the 1st function of the generalization outcome in lost educational train. The function of teaching expectations, latent and reality of three forms. comprehensive outlook the function of pedagogy should also reveal the contents of these three forms, and correlate them with every additional apt learn the reciprocal transformation of narratives. The educational function of generalization and expectations focused above two appearances of the potential and the reality they are simply functional equivalent, resulting in darting On the reality and the potential when the reality apt ideal to distend the educational function of the breadth and intensity, resulting in more education, stamina, global tendency.
emulated along the generalization of education in educational function of the overall function of the mar. the function of education tin be divided into two aspects; one hand, the overall educational functions, including two types of social functions and private functions, social functions and beyond broken down into political, economy, cultural, scientific, ecological, and many other national ward; functional decomposition as the enjoyment of personal expense, social individualization and other projects. On the other hand, the function of the local field of education, the research has been divided. educational function of generalization guided to merely focus on sex education in the manifold bough of the research function of the content itself, when ignoring the correlation between the assorted branches of and intervention, leading to abuse the overall function of education.
educational function anew, the basic function of the generalization result in lost education. the essence of education, the basic function is to school people, development of human intelligence, cultivate people's competence to influence people's thought and action, and by educating people to perform on the social environment. The educational function of the educational function of education generalization generalization confused as the function of literate people, the educated people are busy in creation, cultural, political and other The role of activity are the property of the function of education, negating the need for independent existence of education and lost the essence of education, the basic function of education lost.
three features of medical education needs an suitable generalization
But medical Thinking on the generalization of their needs and the special nature of medical education and uncertainty of the decision, we must temperate the generalization of medical education. The reason is as usual:
(a) the diversification of medical diagnostic thinking, medical education need to function appropriate generalization
the general process of clinical diagnostic thinking is a from the feelingful to the rational, from theory to practice cycle. through each circulate, so that our understanding of the disease further, and eventually understand the disease. doctors by patient history catching, physical examination and necessary studio tests, first-hand information obtained through analysis, synthesis, analogy, judging, reasoning and other thinking activities, to the nature of the disease, rational, abstract decrees, got for the disease diagnosis of rational knowledge, and then take the appropriate treatment based on the diagnostic measures, observe the course of development and the effects of treatment, in corner, verify the original diagnosis, and further declare or modify or even deny the original diagnosis. in the diagnosis of a disease process, such as fever The doctor must know all aspects and angles to the pathogenesis of possible reasons, to collect a variety of clinical symptoms of fever, presumably to expand as many as possible the types of diseases, this time to need our medical staff have divergent thinking, a very presume a large force of space, how can we cultivate a correct clinical diagnosis of medical staff thought it? only the most basic medical education from the beginning stages of medical education in the cultivation of sustained divergent, luminous thinking, instilling the concept of generalization, to gradually develop generalization of the clinical thinking of medical personnel.
(b) the mutation of the medical model, you need to function properly generalized
medical education medical model, is its own form of medical and pharmaceutical activities of human behavior. Due to medical, including awareness and practical aspects, so the medical model, including medical cognitive model (medical model) and medical behavior (medical pattern). The former refers to a certain historical period, their understanding of the medical people that the medical epistemology; the latter refers to a definite historical medical practice during the people's behavior pattern, that is, medical theory.
?? the medical model of medical practice is that people of preoccupation, so different people will present a different notion of the medical model.? beyond the traditional biomedical model medical model, it fired a broad scope of expression: bio-psycho-social medical model, environmental medical model, the whole medical model, multiple medical model, medical model, the corresponding size of the universe, holographic space-time system, such as the medical model. This is for the students contained in study and practice the generalization of the notion, which includes not only the modern medical model,toronto escorts, but also ideal future medical model.?
specific to the people reiterated biomedical model line failings, a more reasonable mm biopsychosocial medical model medical model (biopsychosocial model of medicine) realized beyond the biomedical model. Now many people too busy thinking to the Few people in the bio-psycho-social medical model had suspected the subsistence of failings.
?? bio-psycho-social medical model proposed is based on the concept of the human spectrum of disease and health based on the changes. This mode that cause human the disease is not only biological factors but also social factors and psychological factors, which in addition to the traditional biological treatment methods, it also should contain methods of social science methods and psychology. is not difficult to find that it is still pursued by traditional Western medicine is a complex, highly ordered state of the nonlinear co. the nature and purpose of medicine is to maintain or to promote or restore optimal coordination of our human state or state of optimal health. the human body in a certain degree of coordination exists among the state; disease is lower than the existing state of synergy degree. people as a great ecosystem of a subsystem is jump to have relations with other systems, and this harmony is to determine whether the relationship of health and disease markers. said: adaptation learning factors, such as: normal factors,600 *** 6001 **, social, psychological, physical, time and other relevant factors. For this reason, the introduction of modern physics, relativity r l four-dimensional space concept, the four-dimensional space medicine model. Space Systems medical model disease phenomenon, pointed out that ; medical model mode. the medical model of evolution is the continuous generalization of the concept, with the corresponding medical education also need the appropriate generalization.
(c) the complexity of the medical object, medical education need to function properly generalization < br> object is a clinical knowledge of a specific human. people have biological and social characteristics of the dual. In biological terms, the human body itself is the world's most complicated organic whole, and also a very complicated human diseases unlike, with differences between individuals, making the pathological changes, ever-changing clinical declarations. In social terms, people are thinking, behavioral, with a thinking activity, in many cases, consciously or unconsciously, to participate in clinical thinking activity, which the history and clinical symptoms of the objective content to the patient's subjective factors. In view of the complexity of medical services, the twin thing, especially social, on the overall quality of medical personnel to a higher level of demand, requiring medical personnel not only Medical expertise is better learned, but also in sociology, psychology, ethics, and must have studied beneath some of the known. how to improve the overall quality of medical personnel? This made for a more comprehensive medical education needs to need to integrate medical education system in the sociology of knowledge, we need to generalize the content of medical education system, training of medical personnel compound.
guidance on the adequacy of scientific fact, medical decision-making has not been intervened the debate, but no doctor suspects , found in clinical practice and understanding of fact-based research is important. But since 1991, The tentative results are the reasons? reckon a new treatment of the most uncomplicated way is to give a new treatment for patients with a group of previously received another treatment compared with patients. In general, this study was to compare continuously from the same hospital two groups of patients. However, this approach has solemn flaws. because of retrospective and prospective studies of merged groups, so that we can not successfully eliminated the prejudice this may cause. bias not by the treatment of these method, but from the other changes over time caused by the factors.
(d) the diversity of medical treatment methods, you need the appropriate generalization
medical education with the social function of the fast progress , medical technology, materials technology constantly updated, for the treatment of a disease are often changing, constantly improving, and constantly improve. such as the surgical treatment of gallbladder stones, cleared from the initial to the present simple abdominal laparoscopic three holes to chasm laparoscopic resection, treatment methods continue to improve, scale up rich, more diversity. medical personnel must forever be followed by way of medical knowledge and advances in treatment, which requires diligent specializes in training medical personnel in the morale of consecutive Update to expand knowledge, medical education requires an appropriate generalization capabilities to respond to the trend of fast development of medical science.
the development of Chinese medicine, with differ empirical contention and debate amid the academic, medical advances in the Song period the excellent emphasis on Confucianism, especially its . Therefore, the surgeons in the Jin Dynasty creed no be confused with clinical practice pointed out: the question that must be combined with the reality to enhance the development of medical dispose achieve. In such circumstances, the emergence of the 4 noted physicians. Liu End Su (1120m1200) enhance Doctrine, stressed: who carry fresh this disease, to send representatives to take. Li Dongyuan (1180m1251), to subserve conservation and recovery. After the Buddha of the globe to send a representative to fill. Zhu Danxi (1281m1358), his promotion of traditional Chinese medicine theory: also has a magnificent influence, Japan was created in the fifteenth centenary, medical practice medical practice a direction of musing required
transposition thinking. should try from different angles, different positions, different groups, etc. to be discovered. view of the special, often determines the level of creativity. which reverse thinking is one special circumstance. you might ascertain the problem and to innovation and improvement. seeking the same divergent. scientists like to divergent, and physicians rather to seek the same, from the ever-changing things to find out the complexity and nature of common diseases, which can better understanding of the disease disagree. different, the entrance may be thinking, is the clue to further break down its opinions on the possible characteristics of things, discover the laws. decomposition and integration. to ask questions are often more important than solving the problem, because the opener of the problem is often that you have realized a discovery in solving the problem. unconventional thinking. to simplify the problem, or expansion. masterpiece. the amazing thing to give more menial aesthetic or social significance of act nuanced, amusing or beauteous significant. adjoin, that is, brainstorming, is a divergent thinking. to put a lot of things not associated to a through screening analysis, inspiring ideas, for inspiration. needs China. at all times the demand, are value serious consideration. Transplantation thinking . is also a method of divergent thinking, the idea is to methods secondhand in other areas of their own areas of focus,toronto escort, or expand their thinking to other areas, that is interdisciplinary, cross-sectional or even rise to the philosophical penalty level, thinking also vigorous. image thinking. with a graphical performance of a variety of means, to the similarity with the image of the establishment of certain symbols, rational operations, it can be very intuitive understanding of a problem, find contradictions. attention to contradictions. made possible the difficulties kinds of ideas, to examine one by one eliminated. mathematical. attempt to create mathematical models to quantify, and standardization. proposed a variety of quantitative models. foresee the future. Today, iPhone, iPOD, morrow may be i100, the daytime after morrow there may be medical iALL. attention to the latest the latest technology and ideas. new technology is actually the creative ideas the best growing point, we must acutely clutch the latest information and learn cutting-edge developments. logical deduction, Philosophy. briefed the results, learn dialectical, system, dynamic analysis of the problem, system ingredients from different levels of analysis to study its structural characteristics and information control mechanisms. also accessible from the research object from here to promote the use of, or even rise to a higher level or philosophical level.
generalization of thinking in this regard, Chongqing University of Medical HIFU sword in creative thinking, Professor Wang Zhibiao first thought the termination of early pregnancy by ultrasound. In the world's first proposed the Wang Zhibiao think, focused ultrasound can slay fertilized egg, we will be proficient to kill illness cells. decided to HIFU for chronic system uses ultrasonic penetration, way, focus and good characteristics of the emitted low-energy ultrasound in vitro focus on the tumor site, via the thermal effect of ultrasound, cavitation effects, mechanical effects, sound effects, etc. to the target area of ​​chemical instantaneous temperature reached 65 ℃ ~ 100 ℃, produce coagulation death of tumor tissue. The mode of movement of sunlight focused via a magnifying glass placed in the focus caused after the burning of paper at the principle is similar. its success lies in the transformation of ultrasound as a diagnostic petition of hand bound in the treatment of cross-domain. is generalization thinking, creative thinking
four representative examples, how meek of medical education with the social science generalization
progress and development to accelerate the pace of medical education with the implementation tactics is also The changes, the challenges facing the development of medical education and changes the range of medical education should be suitably generalized, focus on strengthening the retinue areas:
1, respond to medical pattern, expanding the content of education contend
question is an efficient manner of technological development . Only those who can be good at speculative And your mistrust and muddle, confusion dim, when the absence to debate, argue, or the line of various languages, or to the manuscript, is that argument. modern medicine with the spectrum of disease, decease spectrum changes, the formation of new health minds, from orthodox biomedical model to the modern bio-psycho-social medical model changes. The shift to the new demands of medical education, health care employees need to have a new medical model for the framework and mastermind structure of wisdom.
old saying: the Dawu, is a small little doubt fulfil, do not doubt you come to their senses. to a new kingdom of understanding. even Yikongzhijian, turn of may, by the time the holders of the grounds, is justified, but also the generalization of the academic point of view of the collision, the integration of academic and academic information of the environment. for the medical practice of education, to multi- challenged to look above the problem, inquire a few why there are not file respective to support asking to esteem, learn and preoccupy the wisdom and accomplishments of their ancestors, but their words do not entirely manacled hand and foot, to more torture: writing on narrated can effect seamless, people entirely convinced of it? there are other responses to this question it? This is the maximum scientific, perfected and absolute it? not easier than it did, the economy, and efficient? usages currently, there are What are the apparent disadvantages? the whole action process, there are places which need correction channel? pedagogue that is the fact? there is no oversight, error, unreasonable? my present work has been done a faultless job additionally? where to start to amend can do a better job? allow patients more satisfied? must wreck the shackles of tradition, from the Jing Diwa state of liberation, plug in the imagination, cerebral wings and fly into the sky, the extensive medical checkup. to develop their own divergent lot preoccupied, the spunk to give an anti-Ten, anti-hundred to think, to diligently explore and discover the similarities and inconsistencies between entities, and should be good at two seemingly unrelated or even irrelevant to their common elements base in points or narrated point.
do this, you need to strengthen prevention medicine and community medicine, education, and the need to amplify human and social sciences courses such as psychology, social medicine, medical ethics, medical sociology, etc.; take appropriate amounts for medical students early exposure to clinical, early contact with the community, broaden medical students on the diseases of social reconnaissance, to improve understanding of patients and the ability to discourage and remedy diseases, and enhance the ability to do the work of social care.
2, culture based human capacity, strengthening intellectual education
speculative intelligence to enhance medical students to improve their independent thinking, independent and self-learning ability. could appropriately depress the required courses, elective courses and seminars to increase; compression schoolroom hours, increased self- time and extra-curricular activities; change the teaching methods taught to mobilize the enthusiasm of both teachers and students, the implementation of heuristic education;
word characteristics, structure, machinery of scientific method. black carton method and function of the overall study pays attention to asset and systems, to facilitate research and anatomical honesty of the state under a different nature and function of advanced complex systems. It is based on the input (cause) and output (results ) the establishment of black-box model (data or skeleton model) for analysis, prophesying. simplify the generalization to study large-scale, complex structure, a cloud of factors in the system, such as ecological, economic, social and brain. > on the Western, because there is a foundation of science, the doctor can scrutinize the apparatuses inside the body of actual change. For sample, adrenaline can explore the role of bronchial flat muscle remission, digitalis on myocardial contractility enhancing effect of such problems. But generalization of the results of thinking is based on the archaic self-study and team discussion will be generalized black-box problem; help students make full use of library substances and audio-visual matters for learning presumption, way to understand the disease, the results of analysis of the disease.
3, enhance the concept of lifelong learning, foster self-learning ability:
only a few years of education institutions, and medical education requires practitioners to keep on learning, innovative ideas, and constantly update their knowledge. So take basic medical education, graduate education and continuing medical education incorporate to improve the quality of undergraduate school education in the meantime, strengthen professional training for residents of institutionalization and standardization of work, so that a medical graduate education after graduation, students must receive a prim medical education system; In counting, extensive continuing education to health professionals continue to develop intelligent, update their knowledge, because he was educating? how to use the teaching method is more favorable to mobilize the eagerness of the students, to promote their medical skills to absorb and progress? how to develop their creativity? Have active thinking, comprehensive thinking carefully some of the problems. things can not be confined to books, textbooks, and SOP documents things are standardized, the fashionable agenda. must be thinking, generalization can be nuanced, omnipotent to the sea in the medical practice swim faster, swim away The.